answer: hot spots :)
explanation: The Galápagos Islands were formed as a result of several of Earth's internal processes. The Galápagos' stationary hot spot formed a chain of volcanoes as the Nazca crustal plate moved east-southeast above the hot spot like a conveyor belt. At these "hot spots," volcanic eruptions pile upon former volcanic eruptions over millennia until the volcanic earth is pushed to the surface of the ocean forming islands.
